Your CRM contains 10,000 contacts, but do you really know which information to enrich to maximize your sales ROI? Between contact attributes, firmographic, technographic, behavioral, and a dozen other categories, how do you choose the right attributes without exploding your budget?
According to Clearbit (now Breeze Intelligence), modern enrichment platforms offer over 100 different B2B attributes from 250+ sources. Yet 70% of companies only enrich 3-4 basic attributes (email, phone, title), leaving huge opportunities for personalization and qualification on the table.
This complete guide presents 70+ essential attributes to enrich in 2026, organized into 10 strategic categories, with for each: concrete use cases, expected ROI, and recommendations based on your budget and maturity.
Enrich 50+ attributes automatically
Derrick enriches your contacts with emails, phones, titles, company sizes, sectors, technologies and much more. Directly in Google Sheets.
Why attributes are the key to successful enrichment
The problem: too many attributes available, how to choose?
The B2B enrichment market today offers an overwhelming choice of attributes. ZoomInfo has 70+ attributes per contact in its database of 200 million professional profiles. Clearbit offers over 100 via 250 different sources. Crustdata enriches up to 70 attributes per record.
Mark, VP Sales at a SaaS scale-up (Series B):
“When we started enrichment, we wanted everything: emails, phones, titles, company sizes, technologies, intent data, social networks… We spent $15,000 the first month enriching our database of 50,000 leads. Result? 80% of attributes were never used by our sales reps. We realized we were paying for useless data.”
The hidden cost of wrong attributes
Enriching too many attributes = financial waste:
- Average cost: $0.10 to $0.50 per enriched attribute
- For 10,000 contacts with 20 attributes = $20,000 to $100,000
- If only 5 attributes are actually used → 75% loss
Enriching too few attributes = missed opportunities:
- According to DiscoverOrg, each sales rep loses 550 hours and $32,000 per year due to incomplete data
- Forrester reports that 66% of deals fail due to poor data quality
- Gartner estimates the cost of bad data at $12.9 million per year on average
The solution: enrich strategically according to your maturity
| Phase | Attributes to enrich | Monthly budget | Expected ROI |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beginner (0-6 months) | Email + Phone + Title + Company size | $100-500 | 3-5x on conversions |
| Intermediate (6-18 months) | + Sector + Location + Technologies + LinkedIn | $500-2000 | 5-8x on qualification |
| Advanced (18+ months) | + Intent data + Behavioral + Financial + Timing | $2000-10,000 | 10-15x on ABM |
To understand how to choose between manual and automated enrichment based on your volume, check out our manual vs automated comparison guide.
Chapter 1: Contact attributes (the fundamentals)
Contact attributes are the foundation of all B2B enrichment. Without valid email or phone, impossible to contact your prospects.
The 20 essential contact attributes
Basic attributes (absolute priority):
- Professional email (80-92% match rate)
- Direct phone (65-75% match rate)
- First name / Last name (98% match rate)
- Position / Title (90% match rate)
- Seniority level (VP, Director, Manager, IC)
Advanced contact attributes: 6. Personal email (backup if professional email not found) 7. Professional mobile vs landline vs direct dial 8. Executive assistant (for C-level contact) 9. Contact preference (email, phone, LinkedIn) 10. Timezone (for international calls)
Validation attributes: 11. Email status (valid, invalid, catch-all, risky) 12. Email deliverability score (0-100) 13. Phone line type (mobile, landline, VoIP) 14. Number validity (active, disconnected, wrong)
For a complete list of 20 contact attributes with detailed use cases, check out our article The 20 essential contact attributes.
Use case: SDR team at a SaaS startup
Sarah, SDR Manager at a B2B SaaS startup (40 employees):
“Before, we only had names and companies of our leads. Our SDRs spent 2 hours a day manually searching for emails on LinkedIn. We enriched our database of 5,000 leads with emails + phones + titles via Derrick. Result: 87% emails found, 72% phones. Our SDRs saved 10 hours per week each, and our phone connection rate went from 12% to 28%.”
Mobile vs Landline vs Direct Dial: why it’s crucial
Not all phone numbers are equal:
| Number type | Connection rate | Optimal time | Recommended use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Professional mobile | 35-45% | 9am-11am, 4pm-6pm | SDR outbound, urgent callbacks |
| Direct dial | 25-35% | 10am-12pm, 2pm-4pm | First contact, appointments |
| Office landline | 15-25% | 10am-5pm | Sales follow-up, support |
| Company switchboard | 5-10% | 9am-6pm | Last resort only |
Tom, Sales Director at a mid-market company:
“We enriched 15,000 contacts with line type identification (mobile/landline/direct). Our sales reps now prioritize professional mobiles for first calls. Result: connection rate +40%, average time per qualified lead -30%.”
To understand the technical differences between mobile, landline and direct dial, check out our guide Contact attributes: mobile vs landline vs direct dial.
Chapter 2: Firmographic attributes (who are you targeting?)
Firmographic attributes describe the characteristics of the company of your prospects. Essential for targeting and ABM segmentation.
The 30 essential firmographic attributes
Identity & structure (7 attributes):
- Legal company name
- Trade names / DBA
- Headquarters (complete address)
- Year founded
- Legal entity type (Inc, LLC, Corp…)
- Company registration number
- Parent company / subsidiaries
Size & workforce (3 attributes): 8. Number of employees (precise range) 9. Employee growth (6 months, 12 months) 10. Geographic distribution of employees
Financial performance (5 attributes): 11. Annual revenue (ARR for SaaS) 12. Revenue growth (YoY) 13. EBITDA / profitability 14. Total funding raised 15. Last funding round
Industry & market (3 attributes): 16. Industry (NAICS/SIC code) 17. Sub-sector / vertical 18. Target market (B2B, B2C, B2B2C)
Location (4 attributes): 19. Headquarters country 20. Region / State 21. Number of offices 22. International presence
For the complete list of 30 firmographic attributes with examples of use by industry, check out our article The 30 essential firmographic attributes.
Why firmographics are priority after contacts
Jennifer, Head of Marketing at a B2B services company (200 employees):
“We had 20,000 leads in our CRM, but impossible to know who to target as a priority. We enriched with 10 firmographic attributes: size, sector, revenue, location, growth. In 2 weeks, we created 15 ultra-precise ICP segments. Our ABM campaigns saw their conversion rate double, going from 2.3% to 4.8%. The cost: $3,500. The pipeline gain: $280,000 over 6 months.”
Company size: the most discriminating attribute
According to a Landbase study, company size is the #1 attribute for B2B qualification. Why?
Buying behavior differences by size:
| Company size | Sales cycle | Decision budget | Stakeholders involved | Optimal message |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-10 employees | 2-4 weeks | <$10K | 1 (founder) | Immediate ROI, autonomy |
| 11-50 employees | 1-2 months | $10-50K | 2-3 | Growth, scalability |
| 51-200 employees | 2-4 months | $50-200K | 3-5 | Process, integrations |
| 201-1000 employees | 3-6 months | $200K-1M | 5-8 | Enterprise-grade, security |
| 1000+ employees | 6-12 months | $1M+ | 8-15 | Compliance, dedicated support |
Anthony, Founder of a B2B startup:
“Before, we prospected everyone the same way. After enriching company size, we created 5 different workflows based on employee count. Startups <10 get a direct email from the CEO with demo in 48h. Companies 1000+ go through an ABM journey with 8 touchpoints over 3 months. Result: qualification rate +120%, average deal size +85%.”
The 7 types of B2B data enrichment explained
Discover the 7 enrichment categories with concrete use cases for each data type.
Chapter 3: Technographic attributes (what tech stack?)
Technographic attributes reveal the technologies used by your prospects. Essential for targeting based on tech stack and message personalization.
The 15 key technographic attributes
Infrastructure & hosting (3 attributes):
- Cloud provider (AWS, Azure, GCP)
- CDN used (Cloudflare, Fastly)
- DNS provider
CRM & Sales (3 attributes): 4. Primary CRM (Salesforce, HubSpot, Pipedrive) 5. Prospecting tools (Apollo, ZoomInfo, Derrick) 6. Email automation (Lemlist, Instantly, La Growth Machine)
Marketing & Analytics (4 attributes): 7. Marketing automation (Marketo, Pardot, ActiveCampaign) 8. Analytics (Google Analytics, Mixpanel, Amplitude) 9. Tag management (Google Tag Manager, Segment) 10. Attribution (Bizible, Dreamdata)
Development & Product (3 attributes): 11. Primary language (Python, JavaScript, Ruby) 12. Framework (React, Vue, Angular) 13. Database (PostgreSQL, MongoDB, MySQL)
Security & Compliance (2 attributes): 14. SSO provider (Okta, Auth0, Azure AD) 15. Certifications (SOC 2, ISO 27001, GDPR)
For a detailed analysis of each technographic category with targeting examples, check out our guide Technographic data: identify the tech stack.
Use case: tech stack-based targeting
Peter, VP Sales at a data analytics platform:
“Our product integrates with Salesforce and HubSpot. We enriched 10,000 target accounts with their CRM used. Result: we now only prospect the 3,500 accounts already using Salesforce or HubSpot. Our qualification rate went from 8% to 34%, and our sales pitch became ultra-personalized: ‘Our native Salesforce connector allows you to…’ vs a generic message.”
IT budget: why it’s the most predictive technographic attribute
Companies that spend a lot on technology are more likely to buy new tools:
IT budget / propensity to buy correlation:
- IT budget <$50K/year → Conversion rate: 1-2%
- IT budget $50-200K/year → Conversion rate: 3-5%
- IT budget $200K-1M/year → Conversion rate: 6-10%
- IT budget >$1M/year → Conversion rate: 12-18%
Chapter 4: Behavioral attributes & intent data
Behavioral attributes capture the actions and buying signals of your prospects. The Holy Grail for identifying “hot” leads.
The 12 essential behavioral attributes
Behavior on your site (4 attributes):
- Pages visited (number, recency, frequency)
- Time spent on site
- Content downloaded (ebooks, whitepapers)
- Forms filled
Marketing engagement (3 attributes): 5. Emails opened / clicked (rate, recency) 6. Webinars attended 7. Events participated
External intent data (3 attributes): 8. Active searches (monitored keywords) 9. Review consultation (G2, Capterra) 10. Competitor site visits
Social selling signals (2 attributes): 11. LinkedIn interactions (likes, comments, shares) 12. Brand / industry mentions
To understand how to leverage intent data to prioritize your leads, check out our guide Behavioral attributes: intent data and buying signals.
The exceptional ROI of intent data
According to market data:
- 80% of sales teams consider intent data essential for personalization (Forrester)
- 70% of teams say intent data at the point of engagement is critical for growth (DemandBase)
- 90% of sales reps believe real-time customer data access is essential (SuperAGI)
Laura, CMO at a martech company:
“We integrated an intent data provider that tracks 150 keywords related to our solution. When a target account searches ‘3 times in 2 weeks’ for terms like ‘marketing attribution’ or ‘multi-touch attribution’, it automatically goes to high priority for our SDRs. Result: we contact prospects at the exact moment they’re evaluating a solution. Conversion rate x3, sales cycle -40%.”
Chapter 5: B2B demographic attributes
Demographic attributes describe the individual characteristics of your B2B contacts: position, seniority, department, education.
The 10 priority B2B demographic attributes
Function & hierarchy (4 attributes):
- Department (Sales, Marketing, IT, Finance, Ops, HR)
- Hierarchical level (C-level, VP, Director, Manager, Individual Contributor)
- Tenure in position (months)
- Tenure in company (years)
Education & expertise (3 attributes): 5. Highest degree (Master, MBA, PhD, Bachelor) 6. University / School 7. Professional certifications (PMP, CPA, etc.)
Responsibilities (3 attributes): 8. Team size managed (number of direct reports) 9. Budget under responsibility 10. Influence in buying decision (decision maker, influencer, user)
To understand how to use B2B demographic data to refine your targeting, check out our guide B2B demographic data: seniority, department & co.
Seniority: the attribute that changes everything in your approach
Differences in approach by hierarchical level:
| Seniority | Pain points | Optimal message | Preferred channel | Pitch length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-level | ROI, growth, risk | Business outcomes, numbers | Short email + LinkedIn | 2-3 sentences |
| VP / Director | Efficiency, process, team | Operational gains, case studies | Structured email | 1 paragraph |
| Manager | Daily, tools, reporting | Features, integrations, support | Detailed email | 2 paragraphs |
| IC | Ease, time saved | UX, simplicity, immediate results | Direct demo | Conversation |
Emma, Account Executive at a SaaS tool:
“Before, I sent the same email to everyone. Now, I segment by seniority: C-levels get ‘3x ROI in 6 months for your pipeline’ with a 5-slide deck. Managers get ‘How to reduce your team’s admin time by 10h/week’ with a 15-min demo. Response rate went from 4% to 18% depending on segment.”
Chapter 6: Financial attributes (health & buying capacity)
Financial attributes reveal the financial health and investment capacity of your prospects. Crucial for qualifying deals and prioritizing accounts.
The 12 essential financial attributes
Performance (4 attributes):
- Annual revenue (ARR for SaaS)
- Revenue growth (YoY, MoM)
- Profitability (EBITDA, net margin)
- Burn rate (for startups)
Funding (4 attributes): 5. Total raised (all rounds combined) 6. Last funding round (amount, date) 7. Stage (Pre-seed, Seed, Series A/B/C) 8. Main investors
Financial health (4 attributes): 9. Credit score (Dun & Bradstreet, Creditsafe) 10. Default risk 11. Average payment terms 12. Debt / equity
For a complete analysis of financial data and how to use it to qualify your prospects, check out our guide Company financial data: revenue, funding, growth.
Recent growth: the best predictor of openness to change
Sophie, Sales Ops at a fintech scale-up:
“We target companies that raised funds in the last 6 months. Why? They have cash, they’re hiring, they’re looking for new tools to scale. We enriched our database of 8,000 accounts with ‘last funding round’ and ‘6-month employee growth’. We now only prospect the 1,200 hypergrowth accounts. Result: average deal size x2.3 and closing rate went from 12% to 31%.”
Post-funding timing: the window of opportunity
Conversion rate by post-funding timing:
- 0-3 months post-funding: Conversion 18-25% (hiring, tech stack setup)
- 3-6 months post-funding: Conversion 12-18% (scaling, optimization)
- 6-12 months post-funding: Conversion 8-12% (consolidation)
- 12+ months post-funding: Conversion 3-6% (back to normal)
Chapter 7: Social attributes (presence & engagement)
Social attributes capture the online presence of your prospects: LinkedIn, Twitter, GitHub, etc. Essential for social selling and personalization.
The 10 essential social media attributes
LinkedIn (5 attributes):
- LinkedIn profile URL
- Number of connections
- LinkedIn activity (posts per week, engagement)
- LinkedIn groups (membership)
- Recommendations / endorsements
Twitter / X (2 attributes): 6. Twitter handle 7. Number of followers
GitHub (for tech) (2 attributes): 8. GitHub username 9. Public repos (number, languages)
Other networks (1 attribute): 10. Presence on other platforms (Medium, YouTube, podcast)
To understand how to leverage social media data in your prospecting, check out our guide Social media attributes: LinkedIn, Twitter, GitHub.
Use case: social selling based on LinkedIn activity
David, SDR specialized in social selling:
“I enrich my prospects with 3 LinkedIn attributes: profile URL + weekly activity + groups. I only directly contact ‘active’ prospects (1+ post per week). For others, I start by engaging with their posts for 2-3 weeks before sending a connection. Acceptance rate went from 22% to 67%, and 40% of my deals now come from LinkedIn vs 5% before.”
Chapter 8: Timing attributes (trigger events)
Timing attributes identify triggering events that create a window of opportunity: job change, funding round, mass hiring.
The 8 critical timing attributes
Organizational changes (3 attributes):
- Job change (new in position <3 months)
- New hire (joined company <6 months)
- CEO change (recent)
Growth & expansion (3 attributes): 4. Recent funding (<6 months) 5. Active hiring (number of open positions) 6. New location (office opening)
Market signals (2 attributes): 7. Recent product launch (<3 months) 8. Recent acquisition / merger
To understand how to detect and leverage trigger events in your prospecting, check out our guide Timing attributes: job changes, funding rounds, hiring.
The golden timing: 30-90 days after a job change
According to a LinkedIn Sales Navigator study, the 30-90 days following a job change are the optimal window to contact a decision maker:
Why?
- New in position = “fresh start” budget to allocate
- Wants to prove themselves quickly = open to new solutions
- No established routines yet = more receptive to change
- Building tech stack = actively evaluating tools
Emily, BDR at a cybersecurity company:
“We set up an automatic workflow: as soon as a CISO or Head of Security changes position, we get a Slack alert. We wait 45 days (time for them to settle in), then send a personalized email: ‘Congratulations on your new CISO position at [Company]. As you’re new in the role, you’re surely evaluating your security stack. Here’s how [Similar client] has…’ Response rate: 32%. Conversion: 19%.”
Chapter 9: Custom attributes (custom enrichment)
Custom attributes are business-specific enrichments that you create via formulas, APIs or AI.
The 5 most useful types of custom attributes
1. Custom ICP score (0-100) Based on your specific criteria:
- Company size = 30 points
- Target sector = 25 points
- Compatible tech stack = 20 points
- Recent growth = 15 points
- Location = 10 points
2. Custom segmentation Create your own categories:
- “Hot prospect” = Intent data + budget + growth
- “Strategic account” = Large + sector + stack
- “Quick win” = SMB + fast cycle + low touch
3. Data extracted from websites Via targeted scraping:
- Number of employees by department (Team page)
- Displayed tech stack (careers page)
- Referenced clients (clients/case studies page)
4. AI enrichment Use Claude or GPT to:
- Summarize LinkedIn profile in 2 sentences
- Identify pain points from website
- Generate a personalized approach angle
5. Proprietary data Your own sources:
- Interaction history
- Cumulative engagement score
- Propensity to buy (ML model)
Use case: automatic ICP scoring
Jennifer, RevOps Lead at a B2B SaaS company:
“We created an ICP score on 100 via Derrick + Google Sheets. We automatically enrich 12 attributes (size, sector, tech, growth, etc.), then a formula calculates the score. Leads >80 = assigned direct to AEs. Leads 60-80 = automatic nurturing. Leads <60 = disqualified. In 3 months, closing rate +45%, sales time saved 8h/week per AE, pipeline quality score went from 42% to 81%.”
Anatomy of a data enrichment process
Discover how an enrichment process technically works, from source to validation.
How to choose your attributes: the prioritization framework
Step 1: Define your main objective
| Objective | Priority attributes | Monthly cost | Setup time |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contact prospects | Email + Phone + Title | $100-500 | 1 day |
| Qualify leads | + Size + Sector + Budget | $500-1500 | 1 week |
| Precise ABM targeting | + Tech + Financial + Intent | $1500-5000 | 2-4 weeks |
| Maximum personalization | + Social + Timing + Behavioral | $5000-15000 | 1-2 months |
Step 2: Audit your current data
Ask yourself these questions:
- What % of my contacts have an email? A phone?
- How many deals do I lose due to lack of information?
- How many hours per week do my sales reps waste searching for info?
- What is my realistic enrichment budget?
Step 3: ROI / Effort matrix
Classify attributes according to this matrix:
| High ROI / Low effort | High ROI / High effort |
|---|---|
| ✅ DO FIRST | ⚠️ PLAN |
| Email, phone, title, size | Intent data, AI scoring, custom |
| Low ROI / Low effort | Low ROI / High effort |
| 🟡 NICE TO HAVE | ❌ AVOID |
| Social media, certifications | Too granular data, unusable |
Step 4: Progressive deployment
Phase 1 (Months 1-2): The fundamentals
- Enrich Email + Phone + Title + Company size
- Goal: Be able to contact and basically qualify
- Budget: $200-1000
Phase 2 (Months 3-6): Segmentation
- Add Sector + Location + Technologies
- Goal: Create precise segments and personalize
- Budget: +$500-2000
Phase 3 (Months 6-12): Intelligence
- Add Intent data + Behavioral + Financial
- Goal: Prioritize hot leads and optimal timing
- Budget: +$1500-5000
Phase 4 (12+ months): Optimization
- Add Timing + Custom + AI
- Goal: Maximize conversion with hyperpersonalization
- Budget: +$3000-10000
The 5 fatal mistakes to avoid
❌ Mistake 1: Enriching all attributes at once Start small, measure ROI, then scale.
❌ Mistake 2: Enriching data you’ll never use Ask yourself: “Will this attribute change my sales action?”
❌ Mistake 3: Enriching once and forgetting Data degrades by 25-30% per year. Plan re-enrichment.
❌ Mistake 4: Not validating enriched attributes Always test on 100-200 contacts before deploying at scale.
❌ Mistake 5: Ignoring GDPR Make sure your tool is compliant and you have a legal basis.
For a complete list of mistakes to avoid in enrichment, check out our guide The 10 fatal data enrichment mistakes.
Derrick: enrich 50+ attributes automatically
Why choose Derrick for attribute enrichment?
✅ 50+ attributes available per contact:
- Contact: Email, phone, title, seniority, LinkedIn
- Firmographic: Size, sector, revenue, location, growth
- Technographic: CRM, tech stack, marketing tools
- Social: LinkedIn, Twitter, GitHub
- And much more…
✅ 100% in Google Sheets (zero CSV export) Your data stays in your work environment. No complex platform to learn.
✅ Automatic waterfall for 85-92% match rate If the first source doesn’t find it, Derrick automatically queries the following sources until it finds the information.
✅ Real-time verification included Every enriched email and phone is automatically verified to guarantee its validity.
✅ Rollover credits with no time limit Your unused credits never expire. Pay only for what you consume.
✅ Starting at $10/month for 4,000 credits That’s $0.0025 per enriched attribute. The best quality/price ratio on the market.
To understand why the waterfall approach is superior to single-source tools, check out our guide Data enrichment waterfall: the cascade method.
Key takeaways: essential attributes by maturity
Beginner (first 6 months):
- Professional email (absolute priority)
- Direct phone
- Position / Title
- Company size (number of employees)
- Industry sector → Budget: $100-500/month
Intermediate (6-18 months):
- All beginner attributes +
- Geographic location
- Technologies used (CRM, stack)
- LinkedIn URL
- Department / Seniority → Budget: $500-2000/month
Advanced (18+ months):
- All intermediate attributes +
- Intent data / Buying signals
- Financial data (revenue, funding)
- Behavioral attributes
- Timing / Trigger events
- Custom AI scoring → Budget: $2000-10000/month
Mistake #1: Wanting to enrich everything at once. Start with the 5 basic attributes, measure ROI over 3 months, then add progressively.
Conclusion: build your attribute strategy
In 2026, attribute enrichment is no longer an option but a competitive necessity. With over 100 attributes available at major providers, the key is not to enrich the maximum, but to enrich intelligently according to your objectives.
The 3 golden rules:
- Start with fundamentals: Email + Phone + Title + Size (4 attributes that represent 80% of value)
- Measure ROI: Each attribute must improve a measurable KPI (conversion, qualification, personalization)
- Scale progressively: Add new attributes every 3-6 months based on your teams’ real needs
Recommended next steps:
- Audit your current data (15 min)
- Identify the 5-10 most critical missing attributes
- Test Derrick for free on 100 contacts (200 free credits)
- Measure impact on your KPIs (conversion, time saved, qualification)
- Deploy at scale if conclusive
Test multi-attribute enrichment for free
200 credits offered. Enrich your first contacts with email, phone, and 50+ other attributes. No credit card required.
FAQ
How many attributes should I enrich to start? Start with 4-5 essential attributes: email, phone, title, company size, and sector. These 5 attributes represent 80% of enrichment value. Add other attributes progressively based on your real needs and budget.
What is the average cost per enriched attribute? Prices vary from $0.02 to $0.50 per attribute depending on tool and volume. Derrick offers enrichment at $0.0025 per credit (1 credit = 1 attribute), about $50-100 to enrich 1,000 contacts with 5 attributes each.
What’s the difference between firmographic and technographic attributes? Firmographic attributes describe the company itself (size, sector, revenue, location). Technographic attributes describe the technologies used (CRM, marketing tools, tech stack). Firmographics serve targeting, technographics serve personalization.
Are all attributes equally important? No. Email and phone are priority (impossible to contact without). Then come company size and sector (basic targeting). Attributes like intent data or timing are powerful but optional for beginners.
How do I know which attributes to enrich for my business? Ask yourself: “Will this attribute change my sales action?” If you sell B2B SaaS, company size and tech stack are critical. If you sell services, location and sector are more important. Test on 100-200 contacts before generalizing.
What is the recommended re-enrichment frequency? For contact attributes (email, phone): every 6 months. For firmographic attributes: annually. For behavioral and intent data attributes: monthly or real-time. B2B data degrades by 25-30% per year on average.